What Is a Robot? A Friendly Introduction

Robotics blends mechanics, electronics, and software to build machines that sense, think, and act. A typical robot includes:

• Sensing (e.g., cameras, ultrasonic, encoders)
• Computation (microcontroller or single-board computer)
• Actuation (motors, servos, pneumatics)
• Power and structure

From floor-cleaning bots to surgical assistants, robots are becoming more capable and affordable. If you’re new, start with a small kit (e.g., line follower or obstacle avoider), learn basic programming, and iterate.

Key terms

Autonomy – ability to act without human control. Manipulator – robot arm. Mobile robot – a robot that moves through an environment.